ABOUT THE DISEASE

Paronychia is infection in the skin around the finger or toe nails. It is of two kinds:

Acute - Mostly affecting only one nail.

Chronic - May occur in one or many nails at once. It either does not get better or keeps coming back.

SYMPTOMS

Pain, swelling and redness around the base or the sides of the nail.

Acute paronychia can cause pus-filled pockets (abscesses / blisters) to form at the side or base of the fingernail or toenail.

Chronic paronychia may cause the cuticle to break down. This type of paronychia may eventually cause the nail to separate from the skin. Nail changes may occur. For example, the nail may look detached, abnormally shaped, or have an unusual color.

Paronychia caused by bacteria can get worse quickly. Paronychia caused by fungus typically gets worse much more slowly.

CAUSES

Some of the factors which increase the risk of catching the disease are:
- Biting, chewing or picking at nails, or sucking on fingers
- Ingrown toe nail
- Reduced immunity in case of HIV, organ transplant patients
- Prolonged exposure to harmful chemicals or water - for eg dishwashers, food handlers or housecleaners
- Diabetes

DIAGNOSIS

- Physical examination
- Fluid/pus examination to identify the organism

TREATMENT METHODS

In case of a bacterial infection soaking in warm water 3 to 4 times a day can help reduce pain and swelling. In severe cases an antibiotic might be prescribed. Antifungal medicines are prescribed if the infection is caused by a fungus. A fungal infection is very hard to get rid of and it is important to keep the nails dry and away from harsh chemicals. If need be, it is advisable to wear gloves and use a skin drying cream.

In case of pus formation, incision & drainage may be needed.

You may also like to learn about:

Fungal infections-nail
Boils
Lichen planus
Nail diseases
Ingrown toe nail (Onychocryptosis)
Bone spurs